Opening Up

Barely a week after Linden Lab freed the code of the Second Life viewer, we have a fork: Open SL. Not much there, yet, but this is going to be fun.

Snap Decision

As you have probably noticed, there are no images on this page. This is largely to speed the loading: with pix, it would take much longer, and generally slow down the experience of reading the blog.

Clearly, though, much of the Web is graphical in nature, and many Web pages are visually attractive. So it's a pity not to be able to show this as an enticement to explore the links in these posts further.

But I think I've found the solution. I've decided to install Snap Preview Anywhere on these pages. When you move the mouse pointer over an external link, you should see a small floating image of the page linked to (you need Javascript enabled for this to work). To follow the link, either click on it as usual, or click on the image of the page it leads to. More details here.

I hope you find this useful - I know I do on other sites that have installed it. If you don't, you can turn it off by clicking on Options in the floating window, and disabling it.

Update: Following suggestions in a comment (for which thanks), I've now activated Snap Preview for internal links. And you'll notice a small search box in the pop-up window: this leads to Snap's search engine, which also uses its preview technology to good effect. Feedback on these moves is always welcome.

Open Source War and Google Earth

How's this for a confluence:

Terrorists attacking British bases in Basra are using aerial footage displayed by the Google Earth internet tool to pinpoint their attacks, say Army intelligence sources.

Documents seized during raids on the homes of insurgents last week uncovered print-outs from photographs taken from Google.

The satellite photographs show in detail the buildings inside the bases and vulnerable areas such as tented accommodation, lavatory blocks and where lightly armoured Land Rovers are parked.

Written on the back of one set of photographs taken of the Shatt al Arab Hotel, headquarters for the 1,000 men of the Staffordshire Regiment battle group, officers found the camp's precise longitude and latitude.

So what do they do? They try to censor the images. But guess what? That's not going to work, and it's going to get worse. The two main solutions are (a) change the way you fight wars or - rather better - (b) don't fight wars in the first place.

iPhone = Crippleware

Quite.

Getting it Right on Copyright in Europe

The European Union is commissioning some seriously serious research these days. Yesterday I wrote about the impressively named and indeed impressive "Study on the Economic impact of open source software on innovation and the competitiveness of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector in the EU"; and now here we have one entitled "The Recasting of Copyright & Related Rights for the Knowledge Economy".

I can't pretend to have read all 305 pages of it, but I did spot a couple of sections in the Executive Summary that suggests it has its heart (and head) in the right place:

Holders of neighbouring rights in performances and phonograms have expressed concern that the existing term of protection of 50 years puts them and the European creative industries, in particular the music industry, at a disadvantage, as compared to the longer protection provided for in the United States. Chapter 3 examines these concerns, first by describing and comparing the terms in the EU in the light of the existing international framework and existing terms in countries outside the EU, secondly by examining the rationales underlying related (neighbouring) rights protection and finally by applying economic analysis.

The authors of this study are not convinced by the arguments made in favour of a term extension. The term of protection currently laid down in the Term Directive (50 years from fixation or other triggering event) is already well above the minimum standard of the Rome Convention (20 years), and substantially longer than the terms that previously existed in many Member States. Stakeholders have based their claim mainly on a comparison with the law of the United States, where sound recordings are protected under copyright law for exceptionally long terms (life plus 70 years or, in case of works for hire, 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation). Perceived from an international perspective the American terms are anomalous and cannot serve as a legal justification for extending the terms of related rights in the EU.

This too was perceptive:

An assessment of the acceptance of copyright by the general public is more difficult to make. For this purpose empirical data on p2p file sharing and software sharing were analysed as ‘indicators by proxy’. These surveys make clear that unauthorised use and distribution is the norm for approximately 50 per cent of the populations concerned. However, a much larger share of the European public does recognise the equitability of and the need for copyright protection.

However, in such circles as student communities as well as the ‘virtual communities’ that are p2p networks, the prevailing ethical norm is not so much one of complying with copyright, but rather one of sharing. It was furthermore found that consumer behaviour is also informed by a weighing of the advantages and disadvantages of file sharing versus legally purchasing copies. If a commercial content provider offers the consumer a ‘bad bargain’ in terms of limited availability, high prices or restrictive use conditions (e.g. portability), then the consumer is not likely to find it unethical to opt for p2p file sharing instead.

Virtual Citizenship Association

Behold the Virtual Citizenship Association, a move from the people who tried to buy Ryzom:

We spend more and more time in online universes, talking with friends, playing, working, creating... Virtual societies are emerging everywhere, and are becoming more important every day. However, most of these universes are controlled by commercial companies, which isn't without causing a number of issues.

Decisions, impacting everyone's virtual life, can be taken against the interest of the world residents. Privacy and individual rights can be (and are!) easily dismissed, as nobody is looking over the shoulder of the local police - the world owners. Transparency and honesty are often a remote dream.

Our mission, as stated in the Social Contract, is to protect our elementary rights; living in a virtual world gives us the status of citizen there, and our rights have to be recognized and enforced.

Raph Koster, he of the Declaration of the Rights of Avatars, has his doubts.

Fortress: Sun's Open Fortran

Ayo, this brings back too many memories of punched cards at midnight:

Sun Microsystems took a new open-source step this week, enlisting the outside world's help in an attempt to create a brand-new programming language called Fortress.

On Tuesday, the company quietly released as open-source software a prototype Fortress "interpreter," a programming tool to execute Fortress programs line by line. "We're trying to engage academics and other third parties," Eric Allen, a Sun Labs computer scientist and Fortress project leader, said about the open-source move.

Fortress is designed to be a modern replacement for Fortran, a programming language born 50 years ago at IBM but still very popular for high-performance computing tasks such as forecasting the weather.

Still, another good move for Sun.

Update: Sun's Simon Phipps has some more details.

Turning up the Heat on Google Earth

Interesting use of heat maps for data representation. This shows how Google Earth and similar could become a really useful mesh for showing all kinds of statistical data with a geographic component (Via Ogle Earth.)

Enclosing the Urban Commons

You don't usually think of cities as being a commons, but here's an interesting perspective that proposes precisely that:

Community development activists, urban planners, and city government officials are increasingly taking note of a disturbing trend: escalating housing costs are forcing lower-income and working- and middle-class residents to leave our nation’s cities. Gentrification and subsequent displacement are rampant. Across the country, millions of us can no longer afford to reside in our major urban areas.

...

Or, to put it in the vernacular of the commons, many of our most vibrant urban areas are being “enclosed.” Our cities which once were centers of diversity (ethnically, culturally, and in terms of income levels) are now becoming modern-day analogues to the medieval walled cities of Europe – available to the wealthy elite (and single, young, college-educated professionals with high levels of disposable incomes) while the people who make those cities function (service workers, teachers, police and firemen, city employees) must move to inner and outer-ring suburbs.

Xbox 360: the Next Windows PC?

More evidence of the convergence of PCs and gaming - and from a rather surprising source:

In what may prove to be a controversial statement, Microsoft co-founder Bill Gates has described the Xbox 360 as “a general purpose computer”, echoing similarly controversial comments from PlayStation boss Ken Kutaragi when describing the PlayStation 3.

Speaking to the San Jose Mercury News earlier this week, Gates stated that, “We wouldn't have done it if it was just a gaming device. We wouldn't have gotten into the category at all. It was about strategically being in the living room. This is not some big secret. Sony says the same things."

Blizzard Wizard in the Middle Kingdom

Whether we like it or not, this is something of a milestone:

Blizzard Entertainment, Inc. announced today that World of Warcraft, its subscription-based massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG), is now played by more than 8 million gamers around the world. World of Warcraft has also achieved new regional subscriber milestones, with more than 2 million players in North America, more than 1.5 million players in Europe, and more than 3.5 million players in China.

Eight million is impressive enough, but for me the real eye-opener is the last one: nearly half of these inhabitants of the World of Warcraft are Chinese. This says a lot about the way the world is going - to say nothing of the virtual world....

Firefox 3: the Great Paradise?

It's been hard to say until now, when Firefox 3 was more a hope than a project. But behold the Product Planning Doc for:

Firefox 3, code-named "Gran Paradiso", presently under development with an expected release in Q3 2007.

The salient bits of which are:

High-Level Feature Plan

The proposed major theme for Gran Paradiso is “improved information and content management”. This is the area that we’ll do the most innovation in. Gran Paradiso will continue to improve in areas where we’ve traditionally been strong in: security, usability, extensibility and customization, performance, web standards and compatibility.

Features for Gran Paradiso will fall into one of the following categories.

For Users

* Information Management includes Bookmarks, History, Content Handling, Content Editing, Printing and Microformats
* Security including Privacy, Phishing Protection, Addons and Password Management
* Usability/UI Improvements including Search, Tabbed Browsing, OS Integration & Accessibility
* Customization - ability to discover and manage addons
* Performance - how fast Firefox operates
* Localization - operating in non US English
* Installation & Auto-Update
* Support & Help

For Developers

* Web Standards & Compatibility (e.g. ACID2, CSS2.1, SVG via Gecko 1.9, EV certs, etc.)
* Web Developer Tools
* Extension Developer Tools

To say nothing of the cool name. (Via Read/WriteWeb.)

Free Software by Numbers

With my previous caveat, this report from Rishab Aiyer Ghosh into the state of free software in Europe looks to contain important material, with some eye-catching figures:

• The existing base of quality FLOSS applications with reasonable quality control and distribution would cost firms almost Euro 12 billion to reproduce internally. This code base has been doubling every 18-24 months over the past eight years, and this growth is projected to continue for several more years.

• This existing base of FLOSS software represents a lower bound of about 131 000 real person-years of effort that has been devoted exclusively by programmers. As this is mostly by individuals not directly paid for development, it represents a significant gap in national accounts of productivity. Annualised and adjusted for growth this represents at least Euro 800 million in voluntary contribution from programmers alone each year, of which nearly half are based in Europe.

• Firms have invested an estimated Euro 1.2 billion in developing FLOSS software that is made freely available. Such firms represent in total at least 565 000 jobs and Euro 263 billion in annual revenue. Contributing firms are from several non-IT (but often ICT intensive) sectors, and tend to have much higher revenues than non-contributing firms.

• Defined broadly, FLOSS-related services could reach a 32% share of all IT services by 2010, and the FLOSS-related share of the economy could reach 4% of European GDP by 2010. FLOSS directly supports the 29% share of software that is developed in-house in the EU (43% in the U.S.), and provides the natural model for software development for the secondary software sector.

(Via Erwin Tenhumberg.)

From Mixed Doubles to Mixed Reality

As a Brit, my childhood summers always had the Wimbledon tennis championship as a kind of vague backdrop; this seems to have inoculated me against too much enthusiasm for the game these days. So news that IBM has created a recreation of the Australian Open would normally leave me breathing in more air than usual.

This aspect of it, on the other hand, sounds seriously cool:

data is pulled directly from IBM tracking technology used to collect data on live Grand Slam tennis matches. This data is applied in near real-time to a virtual tennis ball and two participating avatars in a 3D reconstruction of the Melbourne Tennis Centre. Those watching the match are able to view the proceedings from the bleachers and also from the eyes of the players.

I also like Tony Walsh's description of this situation as "Mixed Reality".

Open-Mouthed...

...I am, if this "sea-change" turns out to be true (a sceptic of the UK Government writes):

The way the government makes its vast amounts of data available to the public could be about to change.

It has decided to make access to a database of UK laws completely free for the public to access and re-use.

It marks a "sea-change" in the way government information becomes available to the public, a senior civil servant has told the BBC News website.

Please, please, please, please, please.

Taking Virtual Stock of Old Stockholm

It's coming:

These drawings and architectural plans would actually be an amazing resource for a virtual reconstruction of historic Stockholm, built with SketchUp. The drawings could provide both shape and texture to 3D buildings, while the maps pinpoint location. You could then fly around an accurate 3D rendition of Stockholm as it was documented hundreds of years ago!

And if the conversion tools mature, as I have no doubt they will, you could soon port all this work into Second Life, and then walk around in it, wearing nothing but 18th century fashions.

Open Radio

After open source radio management, here's a piece by Richard Poynder about open radio itself:

I realised that KRUU is more than just a community radio station: it is also a grassroots initiative with a deep commitment to the principles advocated by the various free and open movements. Or as station manager James Moore more extensively described it during the inaugural Open Views programme, KRUU is "grassroots, community, public, non-profit, open radio."

Moore's use of the term "open radio" caught my attention. What, I wondered, did he mean?

Open Source Radio Station Management

Is there nothing open source cannot do?

Campcaster is the first free and open radio management software that provides live studio broadcast capabilities as well as remote automation in one integrated system.

It comes from Campware (right....); GNU/Linux, GPL'd, in case you were wondering; screenshots here. Amazing.

I swear that free software for pigeon-fanciers can only be a matter of time. (Via tuxmachines.org.)

Open Second Life in Practice

Just to show that it's not all theoretical:

I've now successfully built Second Life from source on both Mac OS X and Ubuntu. The Mac OS X build in Xcode went smoothly. The build in Linux was a little more finicky, but not bad considering that it's still alpha. Read on if you'd like to vicariously live the gory details.

Kudos.

Google's Patry on "Patry on Copyright"

It would be hard to imagine a more definitive study of the field of copyright than this: over 5,500 pages, in seven volumes, occupying 25 in./63 cm of shelf space. Although there are no figures on the weight, these are clearly weighty tomes.

It takes a particular kind of individual to devote seven years of their life to writing such a treatise (and goodness knows how many more acquiring the ability to do so), but the author, Bill Patry, seems to have the perfect biography for the task:

Bill Patry is a renowned expert on Copyright Law who currently serves as Senior Copyright Counsel to Google Inc., where he is involved in diverse cutting edge issues. Patry has practiced copyright law for 25 years, 12 years of which have been in private practice, including appellate advocacy. He has been cited numerous times in landmark U.S. Supreme Court decisions.

As a full-time law professor for 5 years and an adjunct for another 5 at the Georgetown University Law Center, Mr. Patry appreciates the importance of teaching and scholarship.

From his eight years in working in the U.S. House of Representatives and Copyright Office, Patry is familiar with the nitty-gritty of legislation and the broader policy issues that Congress deals with. He has testified before Congress, and been retained as an expert witness on numerous occasions.

Patry is the author of numerous law review articles and several books. He also served as editor or editor-in-chief of the Journal of the Copyright Society of the USA for over ten years.

Given the centrality of Patry's expertise for many of the areas covered in this blog - notably open content and open source, to say nothing of intellectual monopolies - and his current position at Google, which allows him a privileged perspective on the online world, I thought it would be interesting to ask him a few questions about his work.

Glyn Moody: As background to yourself, could you say briefly what exactly the Senior Copyright Counsel to Google does - what sort of things do you get involved in that readers might know about?

Bill Patry: Google's legal department is uniquely organized. We have the traditional litigation and transactional lawyers, but we also have "product counsel," counsel who work on particular products, like Books or Videos. We also have policy and government relations lawyers. People tend not to be segregated though, and will work on projects across what in a law firm would be called a department. And that's my role par excellence: I deal with copyright issues wherever they arise.

Glyn Moody: How did the copyright treatise come about - is it something you'd been dreaming of doing for years? Was there any particular inspiration?

Bill Patry: The book started out as a second edition to an earlier work and had I stuck with that, it woudn't have taken so long. But I got into a dispute with my prior publisher, pulled the book, rewrote it almost entirely and expanded it about three fold. My idea was to write a book that drew on all the things I done and to also rethink the way legal treatises are written and used. Blogging has been an important part of that process, making the exchange of ideas interactive and not just one-way.

Glyn Moody: Could you give a few facts and figures about it for those of us who won't have the opportunity to get our hands on the real thing?

Bill Patry: The book is 7 volumes, no appendices, about 5,832 pages, 25 chapters. It is the first new multivolume treatise on copyright law in the U.S. in 17 years, is the largest by almost 100% (in text), and is I think one of the largest legal treatises even written by a single individual.

Glyn Moody: How will the The Patry Treatise Blog function alongside the book? What do you hope to achieve by creating it?

Bill Patry: I have high hopes for the blog as helping in a number of respects. It provides a way for people to give me feedback, suggest things, ask me what I meant etc. All of us have read things and have not been sure what the author meant. We're reluctant to ask the author and it takes time to write letters. With a blog, you can do it quickly, easily, and get very fast answers. I also want to be able to provide readers with important updates before the actual updates come out and to try out concepts.

Glyn Moody: Looking to the future, do you think there will ever be another such hardcopy treatise on copyright, or is this the last one before everything is purely online? Any hope the next one will be free and accessible to all?

Bill Patry: I'm not a futurist; I can't understand the past or present, much less the future.

Glyn Moody: As a copyright scholar, what's your view of Richard Stallman's GNU GPL, which draws its power from copyright? Is there any weakness in the GPL's approach to granting software freedoms from a copyright point of view?

Bill Patry: I met Stallman about 20 years ago, but haven't folllowed him since.

Glyn Moody: What impact do you think Google and its various projects will have on the field of copyright?

Bill Patry: Don't know.

Glyn Moody: From a historical perspective, how important do you think open content and the Creative Commons movement will prove? Are we moving from one copyright era to another? Is the role of copyright changing?

Bill Patry: I think Creative Commons has been wonderful in providing a way for people to license their works as they see fit. Recently, I did a post on the "Long Tail" and its effect on copyright. Copyright is an economic right and it will follow, willingly or not, where the market eventually goes.

Glyn Moody: From a theoretical viewpoint, in the best of all possible worlds, how would copyright evolve to create a legal structure that allows all these new kinds of uses to flourish? Similarly, drawing on your knowledge of copyright in the past and present, how do you think copyright will actually evolve - both in the US, and globally - in the short term and longer term?

Bill Patry: I think copyright has become less and less responsive to the balance of incentives and exceptions that the 18th century English common judges grasped intuitively. Our ability to adapt has been seriously hampered by trade agreements, and that's a big problem.

Glyn Moody: Do you have any words of advice for people like Larry Lessig who are trying to change the legal framework of copyright to allow more sharing and collaboration?

Bill Patry: I have trouble enough figuring out my own problems.

Glyn Moody: Any other comments you'd like to make about your treatise or copyright?

Bill Patry: Please buy it, use it, and give me feedback.

Tony's Message from the Gods

Iris is one of the messengers of the gods. Project Iris is a UK border biometric control system. Make that a failed UK border biometric control system:

An evaluation of the Home Office scheme to operate border controls via iris recognition "pretty much fails" Project Iris, according to Tory MP Ben Wallace. Wallace has been doggedly pursuing the results of the evaluation since autumn 2005, and these were quietly placed in the House of Commons library in late December. They reveal, according to Wallace, that Project Iris "failed half its assessments."

I think there's a message here for Tone and his ID card, one of whose utterly foolproof biometric control systems was, er, iris recognition.

Drawing Closer: Location Awareness

I'm afraid this is proprietary for the moment, but the idea's clearly generalisable:

Skyhook Wireless Inc....today announced at the 2007 International Consumer Electronics Show (CES) that ReignCom, a Korean manufacturer of media devices, will launch the Wi-Fi enabled iriver W10 portable media player with the Wi-Fi Positioning System from Skyhook Wireless. This device will be the first commercially available media player with location awareness...

The iriver W10 media player is designed for the 'urban explorer.' At a slim 14 mm thick, the iriver W10 comes loaded with full-function multimedia capability. The Wi-Fi Positioning System provides accurate location information by detecting Wi-Fi access points in range and comparing them against a database of geo-located points. Unlike GPS or cell tower systems, the WPS works indoors and in dense urban areas. Not only can a W10 user listen to music, watch movies, or play games on the go, but can also navigate and retrieve information about what is around them.

Openness: To Be, or Not To Be?

If for nothing else, Denmark is notable for two things: Hamlet, and being the seat of the Microsoft's largest European development division. This makes the question of openness a real political hot potato. If you've ever wondered how the drama is unfolding in said country - and admit it, you have often wondered - here's a handy history from John Gøtze.

The Sound of Music

Here's an interesting idea:

Use Linux or Microsoft Windows, the open source sndpeek program, and a simple Perl script to read specific sequences of tonal events -- literally whistling, humming, or singing at your computer -- and run commands based on those tones. Give your computer a short low whistle to check your e-mail or unlock your your screensaver with the opening bars of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony. Whistle while you work for higher efficiency.

(Via LXer.)

Sock Mobs

An interesting post from Douglas Rushkoff:

There's a relatively new phenomenon occurring online these days - an illusion of populist group hostilitiy I've come to call "Sock Mobs," after the "sock puppets" people use to feign multiple identities in online conversations. It works like this:

An anonymous poster picks a fight with his presumed enemy. Whether or not that enemy responds, a number of other posters appear to chime in - agreeing to whatever the accusation might be. "This guy is a commie." "This doctor is a quack." "This guy wants Israel to be abolished." "This professor is corrupting college students." The accusation comes along with twisted supporting evidence. Every once in a while, an underinformed but real person agrees with the accusations; after all, it appears from the posts that this enemy of all things good and proper really might be a threat. All this makes it look like there's a lot of upset people.

(Via Smart Mobs.)